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Psychological responses to BRCA1 mutation testing: preliminary findings
R T Croyle1, K R Smith, J R Botkin
1Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA. robert.croyle@behsci.utah.edu
Summary
Women who carry a BRCA1 gene mutation experience higher psychological distress after genetic testing compared to non-carriers. This distress is most pronounced in mutation carriers without a prior cancer history.
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Psychology
- Oncology
Background:
- BRCA1 gene mutations significantly increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancer.
- Genetic testing for BRCA1 mutations offers crucial information for risk management but can have psychological implications.
- Understanding the psychosocial impact of genetic testing is vital for patient support.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the short-term psychological responses of adult women undergoing BRCA1 gene mutation testing.
- To compare the psychological distress levels between BRCA1 mutation carriers and non-carriers post-testing.
- To identify factors influencing distress among women tested for BRCA1 mutations.
Main Methods:
- Prospective study involving 60 adult women from a large kindred undergoing BRCA1 genetic testing.
- Utilized pretest baseline and 1-2 week posttest follow-up interviews.
- Assessed psychological distress using the Impact of Event Scale and state anxiety measures.
Main Results:
- BRCA1 mutation carriers reported significantly higher levels of test-related psychological distress compared to non-carriers.
- Mutation carriers with no history of cancer or cancer-related surgery exhibited the highest distress levels.
- While general anxiety decreased post-testing, carriers remained more distressed than non-carriers at follow-up.
Conclusions:
- BRCA1 gene mutation testing can lead to heightened psychological distress, particularly in carriers without a cancer history.
- Genetic counseling and psychological support are essential for individuals undergoing BRCA1 testing.
- Further research should explore long-term psychological outcomes and effective intervention strategies.