Insulin resistance in limb and trunk partial lipodystrophy (type 2 Köbberling-Dunnigan syndrome)

We studied insulin action in two patients with limb and trunk partial lipodystrophy with hirsutism and acanthosis nigricans. Glucose was normal in one of the patients and slightly above normal in the other during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). An intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was normal in both patients. Basal and glucose-stimulated insulin levels were elevated in both the OGTT and IVGTT in both patients. The response of plasma glucose to exogenously administered insulin was decreased. A euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp performed in patient no. 2 indicated insulin resistance, which was not corrected by reducing the increased basal level of serum free fatty acids (FFAs). Binding of insulin to neck adipocytes was normal in both subjects, but glucose transport and oxidation in these cells was impaired. Insulin binding to abdominal adipocytes was increased in one patient whose adipocytes displayed higher glucose transport at low insulin concentrations. Glucose oxidation was decreased in abdominal adipocytes of both patients. We conclude that insulin resistance in Köbberling-Dunnigan type 2 partial lipodystrophy is not related to an alteration of the insulin molecule or to changes in insulin binding, but is more likely associated with a postreceptor defect, since glucose oxidation was impaired in adipocytes of the neck and abdomen.