Long-term in vivo degradation and bone reaction to various polylactides. 1. One-year results

Injection-moulded pins from poly(L-lactide), poly(L/DL-lactide) (95/5%) were implanted in the cortex of the tibiae of sheep. The bone-implant interface was evaluated to observe whether there is any bone resorption caused by the implants. The molecular weight and crystallinity changes upon implantation were also measured. There was no net bone loss around the implants or sterile cyst formation in any of the animals implanted with polylactides up to 1 year. The new bone formed around the poly(L-lactide) and poly(L/D-lactide) pins was separated from the implants with a thin layer of connective tissue. For the implants from poly(L/DL-lactide), there was direct apposition of bone on the polymeric material. At 1 year of implantation, the implants were not completely resorbed, although the molecular weight of polylactides was reduced from 40,000-50,000 to 500-300. The crystallinity at 1 year was about 45% for poly(L/DL-lactide) and poly(L/DL-lactide) and 65% for poly(L-lactide), respectively, indicating the presence in the degraded material of thermodynamically stable crystals.