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Dalteparin: a low-molecular-weight heparin

P A Howard1

  • 1Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160 USA.

The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
|February 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Dalteparin, a low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), offers safe and effective deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis for abdominal surgery patients. It provides a predictable dose response and requires no routine lab monitoring, unlike unfractionated heparin (UH).

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Thrombosis Management

Background:

  • Deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) are significant risks, particularly post-abdominal surgery.
  • Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) represent an advancement in anticoagulant therapy.
  • Unfractionated heparin (UH) has been the standard, but requires careful monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the chemistry, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics of dalteparin.
  • To evaluate comparative clinical trial data on dalteparin versus unfractionated heparin (UH) for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • MEDLINE search for English-language publications on dalteparin and VTE.
  • Inclusion of review articles, bibliographies, and FDA approval database.
  • Selection of studies on human pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and clinical efficacy/safety.

Main Results:

  • Dalteparin demonstrates comparable efficacy to fixed-dose UH for DVT prophylaxis in abdominal surgery patients.
  • It offers predictable dosing and does not necessitate routine coagulation monitoring.
  • Bleeding risks are comparable or potentially lower than UH, with emerging data for other indications.

Conclusions:

  • Dalteparin is an FDA-approved LMWH for DVT prophylaxis in abdominal surgery.
  • It serves as a safe and effective alternative to fixed-dose UH.
  • Further studies are needed to establish cost-effectiveness compared to UH and other LMWHs.

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