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Gene regulation associated with apoptosis

B M Jehn1, B A Osborne

  • 1Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, USA.

Critical Reviews in Eukaryotic Gene Expression
|January 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Programmed cell death (apoptosis) involves known genes, not just new ones. Specific timing and combinations of gene activation, including transcription factors like glucocorticoid receptor (GR), nur77, and activator protein 1 (AP-1), regulate this process.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Apoptosis is a crucial programmed cell death process in multicellular organisms.
  • Research is actively investigating the molecular mechanisms initiating and executing apoptosis.
  • Traditionally, apoptosis was thought to involve unique, apoptosis-specific genes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of specific transcription factors in apoptosis.
  • To highlight the activation of known genes during programmed cell death.
  • To explore how gene expression patterns dictate cell death specificity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on gene activation in apoptosis.
  • Analysis of the roles of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), nur77, and activator protein 1 (AP-1).
  • Examination of gene expression timing, extent, and combinations.

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Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests apoptosis utilizes known genes involved in proliferation and differentiation.
  • Immediate-early genes and transcription factors are activated during programmed cell death.
  • The specific context of gene activation, not novel genes, defines the apoptotic outcome.

Conclusions:

  • Apoptosis relies on the regulated expression of existing genes.
  • Transcription factors like GR, nur77, and AP-1 are key players in modulating apoptotic gene expression.
  • The precise temporal and combinatorial activation of genes determines the cell death phenotype.