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Postsurgical granulocyte dysfunction: studies in healthy kidney donors

T K Bowers, J O'Flaherty, R L Simmons

The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine

|October 1, 1977

Summary

Surgical trauma temporarily impairs granulocyte function, specifically chemotaxis and adherence, immediately after surgery. This immune cell dysfunction may increase infection risk in patients.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Surgical Pathology

Background:

Surgical trauma can impact immune system function.
Granulocyte function is critical for fighting infections.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of surgical trauma on granulocyte function.
To assess if surgical trauma impacts phagocytosis, bactericidal activity, chemotaxis, and adherence.

Main Methods:

Sequential studies of 25 healthy subjects undergoing donor nephrectomy.
Assessed granulocyte phagocytic and bactericidal function, chemotaxis, and adherence.
Evaluated effects of anesthesia and postoperative plasma.

Main Results:

Granulocyte phagocytosis and bacterial killing remained unaffected by surgery.

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Granulocyte chemotaxis and adherence were significantly impaired immediately post-surgery.

Immune function returned to normal within 24 hours; anesthesia alone had no effect.

Conclusions:

Surgical trauma causes transient defects in granulocyte chemotaxis and adherence.
These postoperative immune cell abnormalities may contribute to infectious complications.
The defect appears intrinsic to the granulocytes, not due to plasma factors.