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Related Experiment Videos

Occupational asthma due to chrome and nickel electroplating

P Bright1, P S Burge, S P O'Hickey

  • 1Occupational Lung Disease Unit, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK.

Thorax
|January 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Occupational asthma can be caused by chromium exposure in electroplating, even within current safety standards. Nickel may also play a role, and specific inhalation challenges confirm chromium sensitivity.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Medicine
  • Pulmonology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Occupational asthma is a recognized but poorly understood consequence of chromium exposure in electroplating.
  • This study reports the first series of such patients referred to a specialized occupational lung disease clinic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize occupational asthma caused by chromium exposure in electroplating.
  • To investigate the role of chromium and potentially nickel in occupational asthma.
  • To evaluate the diagnostic utility of bronchial provocation testing.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis of occupational asthma was based on medical history and confirmed by specific bronchial provocation testing with potassium dichromate and nickel chloride.
  • Peak expiratory flow measurements and breathing zone air monitoring were conducted.

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  • OASYS-2 scoring was used to assess occupational asthma.

    • Main Results:

    • Seven electroplating workers developed asthma after 8 months to 6 years of exposure to chrome and nickel fumes.
    • Specific bronchial challenges confirmed sensitivity to potassium dichromate, with some showing dual or late asthmatic reactions.
    • Air monitoring revealed chromium exposure levels within current occupational exposure standards for affected workers' jobs.

    Conclusions:

    • Chromium in electroplating is a potential cause of occupational asthma, even at exposure levels within current standards.
    • Cross-reactivity with nickel is possible.
    • Inhalation challenge with potassium dichromate is a valuable diagnostic tool for occupational asthma in electroplaters.