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Enterobacter sakazakii: a review

M Nazarowec-White1, J M Farber

  • 1Ottawa-Carleton Institute of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. mnazarowecwhite@hpb.hwc.ca

International Journal of Food Microbiology
|February 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Enterobacter sakazakii, a pathogen linked to infant meningitis, was reclassified in 1980. This review covers its clinical and microbiological features, focusing on its role as a foodborne pathogen.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Food Safety
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Enterobacter sakazakii, formerly a variant of Enterobacter cloacae, was recognized as a distinct species in 1980.
  • This bacterium is associated with severe neonatal meningitis, with dried infant formula frequently implicated.
  • The organism's ecology and pathogenicity remain poorly understood despite its high infant mortality rate (40-80%).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical and microbiological characteristics of Enterobacter sakazakii.
  • To highlight its significance as a potential foodborne pathogen.
  • To address the scarcity of information regarding its ecology and pathogenicity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical case studies.
  • Analysis of microbiological data related to Enterobacter sakazakii.
  • Examination of epidemiological reports on outbreaks and sporadic cases.

Main Results:

  • Enterobacter sakazakii is characterized by distinct DNA relatedness, pigment production, and biochemical reactions compared to E. cloacae.
  • Dried infant formula is a significant source of Enterobacter sakazakii infections in neonates.
  • High mortality rates underscore the severity of Enterobacter sakazakii meningitis.

Conclusions:

  • Enterobacter sakazakii poses a serious threat to infant health, particularly through contaminated infant formula.
  • Further research into the organism's environmental sources, ecology, and pathogenicity is crucial.
  • Enhanced surveillance and control measures are needed to prevent Enterobacter sakazakii infections.

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