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Cognitive function in asymptomatic HIV infection

D L Damos1, R S John, E S Parker

  • 1Institute of Safety and Systems Management, University of Southern, California, Los Angeles, USA.

Archives of Neurology
|February 1, 1997
PubMed
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Early-stage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection does not significantly impact cognitive function in asymptomatic homosexual and bisexual men. Careful screening and matching of participants revealed no cognitive deficits compared to seronegative controls.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can affect the central nervous system.
  • Cognitive deficits have been observed in some HIV-positive individuals.
  • Early-stage, asymptomatic HIV infection requires further investigation regarding cognitive impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess cognitive function in early-stage, asymptomatic HIV-positive homosexual and bisexual men.
  • To compare cognitive performance between HIV-positive and HIV-negative homosexual and bisexual men.
  • To identify potential cognitive deficits, including general cognitive slowing.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study comparing 27 HIV-positive and 29 HIV-negative asymptomatic homosexual and bisexual men.

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  • Participants were matched on demographic and lifestyle variables.
  • Screening for substance abuse, psychiatric, psychoactive medication, and neurological issues.
  • Neuropsychological and computerized information processing assessments were administered.

    • Main Results:

    • No significant differences in neuropsychological assessments between HIV-positive and control groups.
    • No significant differences in information processing tests between groups.
    • No evidence of a subgroup with general cognitive slowing in HIV-positive individuals.

    Conclusions:

    • Educated, asymptomatic HIV-positive individuals may exhibit cognitive performance comparable to matched seronegative controls.
    • Careful participant screening and matching are crucial for accurate cognitive assessment.
    • Computerized and neuropsychological tests showed similar sensitivity in detecting cognitive decrements in this population.