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The acoustic reflex and temporary threshold shift: temporal characteristics

R S Karlovich, H A Osier, H N Gutnick

    Journal of Speech and Hearing Research
    |September 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Temporary threshold shift (TTS) from loud noise exposure was reduced when a pulsed noise was presented to the other ear. The greatest TTS occurred without contralateral noise, while pulsed noise minimized hearing loss.

    Area of Science:

    • Audiology
    • Auditory Neuroscience
    • Occupational Hearing

    Background:

    • The acoustic reflex protects the inner ear from loud sounds.
    • Understanding how contralateral noise affects temporary threshold shift (TTS) is crucial for hearing protection.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effect of contralateral pulsed noise on temporary threshold shift (TTS) induced by a pure tone.
    • To explore the role of acoustic reflex dynamics in modulating TTS.

    Main Methods:

    • Seven normal-hearing subjects were exposed to a 1000-Hz tone (110 dB SPL) in one ear.
    • The contralateral ear received broadband noise (100 dB SPL) that was either continuous or pulsed (360, 180, 90, or 9 msec repetition periods).
    • Temporary threshold shift (TTS) was measured at a frequency one-half octave above the exposure frequency.

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    Main Results:

    • TTS was greatest in the control condition (no contralateral noise).
    • TTS was significantly reduced with continuous or pulsed contralateral noise.
    • The 360-msec and 180-msec pulsed noise conditions showed the least TTS.

    Conclusions:

    • Contralateral noise, particularly when pulsed with longer repetition periods, can reduce TTS.
    • Acoustic reflex dynamics, including relaxation, adaptation, and temporal summation, play a role in this protective effect.
    • Findings suggest potential strategies for noise-induced hearing loss prevention.