Individual differences in changes in mood and platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity during hormonal replacement...

Estrogen replacement treatment in menopausal women has been reported to have a positive effect on mood states. However, the addition of a progestin partially negates this positive effect in some women. The opposite effects of estrogen and progestin on mood may relate to their opposite effects on adrenergic and serotonergic neural function. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, 38 nondepressed menopausal women were cyclically treated with estrogen and estrogen plus progestin, or with placebo, for five 28-day cycles. This paper identifies the pretreatment attributes of women who do and do not have negative mood responses to progestin, and examines the relationship of these adverse side-effects to platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO), a marker of adrenergic and serotonergic functioning. Adverse mood responses to progestin occur in women with a long duration of menopause, low pretreatment serum estradiol and testosterone levels, high pretreatment serum FSH levels, low pretreatment platelet MAO activity, and pretreatment mood abnormalities. We conclude that adverse mood response to the addition of a progestin occurs in menopausal women who have low pretreatment gonadal hormone levels secondary to a long duration of menopause. Impaired central nervous system adrenergic and serotonergic functioning also may be a factor predisposing to a negative mood response to progestin.