Meta-substituted benzofused macrocyclic lactams as zinc metalloprotease inhibitors

The design, synthesis, and biochemical profile of meta-substituted benzofused macrocyclic lactams are described. The meta-substituted benzofused macrocyclic lactams were designed to have a degree of flexibility allowing the amide bond to occupy two completely different conformations while maintaining sufficient rigidity to allow for strong interaction between enzyme and inhibitor. Using TFIT, a novel molecular superimposition program, it was shown that the meta analogs could be readily superimposed onto our ACE inhibitor template whereas no low-energy superimpositions of the ortho-substituted macrocycles could be found. The macrocycles were prepared by tethering aldehyde 1 derived from S-glutamic acid or S-aspartic acid to a meta-substituted phosphonium bromide 2. Homologation to a monocarboxylic acid methyl ester malonate followed by deprotection and cyclization gave the macrocyclic frame. Further manipulation gave the desired compounds. Unlike the ortho-substituted benzofused macrocyclic lactams described in the previous paper which are selective NEP inhibitors, the meta-substituted compounds are dual inhibitors of both NEP and ACE. The most potent member of this new series, compound 16a, inhibited both enzymes with an IC50 = 8 nM in NEP and 4 nM in ACE.