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Human life support for advanced space exploration

S H Schwartzkopf1

  • 1Lockheed Missiles and Space Corporation, Inc., Palo Alto, California, USA.

Advances in Space Biology and Medicine
|January 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

A controlled ecological life support system (CELSS) is feasible and practical for lunar bases, offering significant mass savings compared to resupply. Research should focus on efficient food production and integrating existing technologies for space missions.

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Area of Science:

  • Space Exploration
  • Life Support Systems
  • Astrobiology

Background:

  • Long-duration space missions require robust human life support systems.
  • Existing systems often rely on resupply, posing logistical and mass challenges.
  • Controlled Ecological Life Support Systems (CELSS) offer a sustainable alternative.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review requirements for space mission life support systems.
  • To evaluate the conceptual design of a Lunar Based CELSS.
  • To assess the feasibility and practicality of a hybrid physicochemical/biological CELSS for lunar and Martian bases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of life support system requirements for long-duration space missions.
  • Description of a controlled ecological life support system design.
Keywords:
NASA Center ARCNASA Discipline Life Support SystemsNASA Discipline Number 61-10

Related Experiment Videos

  • Detailed study of a conceptual Lunar Based CELSS, integrating hybrid technologies.

    • Main Results:

    • A completely recycling CELSS for a lunar base is feasible and practical.
    • Lunar Base CELSS offers significant cumulative launch mass savings, with breakeven points ranging from 1.7 to 2.6 years.
    • Food production subsystems require the most focus for mass and power efficiency; existing technologies are adequate, but R&D can improve efficiency.

    Conclusions:

    • A hybrid physicochemical/biological CELSS is a viable and cost-effective solution for lunar bases.
    • Future research should prioritize optimizing food production efficiency and integrating existing technologies.
    • The developed CELSS design is adaptable for Mars missions, with potential advantages due to Martian atmospheric CO2 and day/night cycles.