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Occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents and parameters for renal dysfunction

P J Sessink1, A J Verplanke, R F Herber

  • 1Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
|January 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents did not show significant early kidney damage in hospital workers. Early renal effect parameters, retinol-binding protein (RBP) and albumin (ALB), remained unchanged in exposed staff.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Nephrology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Antineoplastic agents are used in cancer treatment but can pose risks with occupational exposure.
  • Monitoring early renal effects is crucial to assess potential kidney damage from workplace exposures.
  • Retinol-binding protein (RBP) and albumin (ALB) are established biomarkers for early kidney dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential nephrotoxic effects of occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents.
  • To assess early renal damage by measuring urinary RBP and ALB levels in exposed hospital workers.

Main Methods:

  • Urine samples were collected from 11 hospital workers preparing/administering antineoplastic agents.
  • A control group of 23 hospital workers with no drug handling exposure was included.

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  • Urinary levels of retinol-binding protein (RBP) and albumin (ALB) were measured in both groups.

    • Main Results:

    • No significant differences in urinary RBP and ALB levels were observed between the exposed and nonexposed groups.
    • Exposure to cyclophosphamide (CP) and potentially other antineoplastic agents was confirmed in the hospital workers.
    • The measured exposure levels did not correlate with detectable early nephrotoxic effects.

    Conclusions:

    • Current occupational exposure levels to antineoplastic agents in this study did not induce measurable early nephrotoxicity.
    • RBP and ALB may not be sensitive enough to detect very early renal changes at these specific exposure levels.
    • Further research with larger cohorts or different biomarkers might be warranted to fully understand long-term risks.