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Time- and order-dependent changes in functional and NO-mediated dilation during exercise training

J M Lash¹, H G Bohlen

¹Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, USA.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)

|February 1, 1997

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Treadmill training enhances arterial vasodilation in rat muscles, but these improvements are time-dependent and vessel-specific. Endothelium-dependent and -independent responses show complex adaptations to exercise training.

Area of Science:

Physiology
Exercise Science
Vascular Biology

Background:

Endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation are crucial for regulating blood flow.
Exercise training is known to improve vascular function, but the specific mechanisms and time course are not fully understood.
Previous studies observed training-induced increases in functional vasodilation in rat spinotrapezius muscle.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the contribution of endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine) and -independent (sodium nitroprusside) vasodilation to exercise training adaptations.
To determine the time-dependent changes and vessel-order specificity of these responses following treadmill training.
To examine potential dissociation between functional vasodilation and specific pharmacological responses.

Main Methods:

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Measurements of arterial vessel responses to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and acetylcholine (ACh) in sedentary and treadmill-trained rats.
Assessment of vasodilation in terminal feed arteries (FA), largest arterioles (1A), and intermediate-sized arterioles (2A).
Evaluation of responses after 8 and 16 weeks of training.

Main Results:

After 8 weeks, functional vasodilation was enhanced in all studied vessels, with increased SNP response in FA only. ACh responses were not significantly increased.
After 16 weeks, functional vasodilation regressed, but SNP responses in FA and 1A, and ACh responses in 1A and 2A, were significantly greater in trained rats compared to sedentary.
A dissociation was observed between functional vasodilation and SNP/ACh-mediated responses, with age-dependent interactions and time-dependent progression.

Conclusions:

Exercise training adaptations in arterial vasodilation are complex, showing time-dependency and vessel-order specificity.
There is a dissociation between functional vasodilation and specific endothelium-dependent/independent mechanisms during training.
Vascular adaptations to training involve intricate interactions influenced by age and duration of exercise.