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Gingival phenotypes in young male adults
1Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
Journal of Clinical Periodontology
|January 1, 1997
Summary
This study identified distinct gingival phenotypes in young adults, classifying them into three groups based on gingival thickness, width, and tooth shape. These findings suggest variations in gingival morphology exist among individuals.
Area of Science:
- Periodontology
- Dental Morphology
Background:
- Gingival thickness (GTH) is influenced by probing depth, gingival width (WG), and tooth type.
- Previous research indicated subject-specific variations in GTH, but not crown width to length ratio (CW/CL).
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify distinct gingival phenotypes based on morphological characteristics.
- To extend previous analyses on gingival thickness and width in periodontally healthy young adults.
Main Methods:
- Cluster analysis was performed on standardized parameters: mean GTH, WG, and CW/CL of upper anterior teeth.
- Subjects were categorized into three clusters based on these morphological traits.
Main Results:
- Cluster A (66%) exhibited normal GTH, WG, and CW/CL.
- Cluster B (21%) presented with significantly thicker and wider gingiva, and more quadratic upper incisors.
- Cluster C (12%) showed normal GTH, high CW/CL, and a narrow keratinized gingival zone.
Conclusions:
- Evidence supports the existence of different gingival phenotypes in the anterior maxilla.
- Some phenotype characteristics were observed in upper premolars but generally not in mandibular teeth.
- Further longitudinal studies are needed to determine the clinical relevance of these observed gingival phenotypes.