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Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in human lungs. A stimulus-response study

K Hambraeus-Jonzon¹, L Bindslev, A J Mellgård

¹Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

|February 1, 1997

Summary

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in healthy humans shows a dose-dependent blood flow diversion. Graded hypoxia progressively reduced blood flow to the hypoxic lung, while hyperoxia had no significant effect on pulmonary vascular resistance.

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Area of Science:

Pulmonary physiology
Cardiovascular research
Respiratory medicine

Background:

The relationship between alveolar oxygen and pulmonary vascular resistance is known in animals.
This study aimed to investigate this relationship in healthy human lungs.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify the effect of unilateral hypoxia and hyperoxia on pulmonary blood flow distribution in humans.
To establish the stimulus-response relationship between varying levels of hypoxia and pulmonary vascular resistance.

Main Methods:

Seventeen healthy individuals under anesthesia were studied.
Lungs were ventilated separately and synchronously.
Pulmonary perfusion was assessed using the sulfur hexafluoride inert gas elimination technique.

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Main Results:

Graded unilateral hypoxia progressively reduced blood flow to the hypoxic lung (from 52% to 30% of cardiac output).
Single-step hypoxia caused a similar reduction in blood flow to the hypoxic lung.
Unilateral hyperoxia did not significantly alter blood flow distribution or pulmonary artery pressure.

Conclusions:

A stimulus-response relationship exists between hypoxia and blood flow diversion in normal human lungs, defining hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.
Hyperoxia does not significantly impact vascular resistance in healthy human lungs.