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Fibronectins Connect Cells with ECM01:25

Fibronectins Connect Cells with ECM

Fibronectin is an adhesive glycoprotein present in the extracellular matrix of embryogenic and adult tissue. These molecules primarily aid in regulating cell motility and attachment. A fibronectin molecule is composed of two identical polypeptide chains attached to each other by a pair of disulfide bonds at the C-terminal.
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Laminins are the Adhesive Proteins of Basal Lamina00:55

Laminins are the Adhesive Proteins of Basal Lamina

Laminins are heterotrimeric proteins with high molecular mass found in the extracellular matrix. Each laminin molecule is composed of three chains, viz. alpha, beta, and gamma, coded by five, four, and three paralogous genes, respectively. Laminins are categories based on the compositions of the three chains.
In humans, the five forms of alpha chains are LAMA 1, LAMA 2, LAMA 3, LAMA 4, and LAMA 5. The four forms of beta chains are LAMB 1, LAMB 2, LAMB 3, and LAMB 4. The three forms of gamma...
Integrins01:10

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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
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Adherens Junctions01:24

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Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.

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MicroRNA In situ Hybridization for Formalin Fixed Kidney Tissues
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Published on: December 1, 2013

Integrin alpha8beta1 is critically important for epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during kidney morphogenesis

U Müller1, D Wang, S Denda

  • 1Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA.

Cell
|March 7, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Integrins, specifically integrin alpha8 beta1, are crucial for kidney development. Genetic evidence shows that without this integrin, kidney morphogenesis is severely impaired, highlighting its role in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions.

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An Intravital Microscopy-Based Approach to Assess Intestinal Permeability and Epithelial Cell Shedding Performance
07:32

An Intravital Microscopy-Based Approach to Assess Intestinal Permeability and Epithelial Cell Shedding Performance

Published on: December 3, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Integrins are cell surface receptors mediating cell-extracellular matrix and cell-cell interactions.
  • Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions are fundamental processes during organogenesis.
  • Kidney morphogenesis involves complex signaling between the ureteric epithelium and metanephric mesenchyme.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of integrin alpha8 beta1 in kidney morphogenesis.
  • To identify novel ligands of integrin alpha8 beta1 involved in regulating epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during kidney development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized genetic evidence from mice with a mutation in the alpha8 gene.
  • Observed kidney development in wild-type and alpha8 mutant homozygotes.
  • Employed an alpha8 beta1-alkaline phosphatase chimera to localize novel ligands.

Main Results:

  • Mice lacking integrin alpha8 beta1 exhibited profound deficits in kidney morphogenesis.
  • Mutant homozygotes showed defective ureteric bud growth, branching, and mesenchymal cell recruitment.
  • Alpha8 expression was induced in mesenchymal cells upon contact with the ureter.
  • Novel ligands for alpha8 beta1 were localized in the growing ureter.

Conclusions:

  • Integrin alpha8 beta1 plays a critical regulatory role in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during kidney organogenesis.
  • The identified novel ligands are strong candidates for mediating essential functions of alpha8 beta1 in kidney development.
  • Genetic evidence supports integrins as key regulators in developmental processes.