Three-dimensional spectral-spatial excitation

A method of three-dimensional spectral-spatial excitation is presented which is selective simultaneously in two spatial dimensions and in the spectral or chemical shift dimension. This method can be used to create spectral passbands whose center frequency varies as a function of spatial location within an imaging plane. This variation of passband center frequency may be specified by an acquired main field (B0) map; the resulting excitations compensate for inhomogeneity of the B0 field. In vivo images are presented in which three-dimensional spectral-spatial excitation allows selective water-only imaging in the presence of large B0 inhomogeneity where conventional spectrally selective imaging falls. Phantom studies give a detailed profile of the performance of three-dimensional spectral-spatial pulses suitable for water-only or fat-saturation imaging. These pulses may also be useful for fat and water suppression in spectroscopic imaging. Performance constraints imposed by limited gradient slew rates are analyzed and quantified.