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Aging and the human vestibular nucleus

I Lopez1, V Honrubia, R W Baloh

  • 1UCLA School of Medicine, Division of Head and Neck Surgery 90024-1769, USA.

Journal of Vestibular Research : Equilibrium & Orientation
|January 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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Aging causes significant neuronal loss in the human vestibular nuclear complex (VNC), with a 3% decrease per decade. This age-related neuronal loss in the VNC is comparable to other neural structures.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Age-related degenerative changes are known in the inner ear and vestibular nerve.
  • Previous studies reported no significant age-related neuronal loss in the human vestibular nuclear complex (VNC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively document age-related morphometric changes within the human vestibular nuclear complex (VNC).
  • To assess neuronal counts, nuclear volume, neuronal density, and nuclear length in the VNC across different age groups.

Main Methods:

  • Computer-based microscopy was used to examine the VNC in 15 normal human subjects aged 40 to 93 years.
  • Quantitative morphometric analyses included neuronal counts, nuclear volume, neuronal density, and nuclear length.

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Main Results:

  • A significant age-related neuronal loss of approximately 3% per decade was observed in the VNC.
  • VNC volume and neuronal density decreased with age, but to a lesser extent than neuronal number.
  • Neuronal loss was greatest in the superior vestibular nucleus and least in the medial vestibular nucleus.
  • An increase in giant neurons, attributed to lipofuscin accumulation, was noted in older individuals.

Conclusions:

  • The human VNC experiences significant neuronal loss with aging, contrary to some prior reports.
  • The rate of neuronal loss in the VNC is comparable to that in vestibular hair cells, primary vestibular neurons, and cerebellar Purkinje cells.
  • Age-related changes in the VNC, including lipofuscin accumulation in giant neurons, are significant findings in human neurobiology.