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In-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens from commercial turkey and broiler chicken origin
K L Watkins1, T R Shryock, R N Dearth
1Elanco Animal Health, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
Abstract:
The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of eight antibiotics and two anticoccidial agents were determined for Clostridium perfringens strains isolated from 26 commercial broiler farms and 22 commercial turkey farms. Isolates were obtained from the intestines of birds on the farm or as the processing plant using standard culture and identification techniques. The microbroth dilution test was used to determine the MIC for each compound. Most isolates from chickens had MICs in the range of 2-16 mg/L for tilmicosin, tylosin and virginiamycin, whereas the MICs for avilamycin, avoparcin, monensin, narasin and penicillin were < or = 1 mg/L. Most strains from chickens had high MICs (> or = 64 mg/L) and appeared to be resistant to bacitracin and lincomycin. Most turkey isolates had MICs in the range of 2-16 mg/L for bacitracin, tilmicosin, tylosin and virginiamycin, with strains exhibiting MICs < or = 1 mg/L for avilamycin, avoparcin, monensin, narasin and penicillin. Several turkey isolates had MICs > or = 64 mg/L to lincomycin. No attempt was made to associate farm usage of a particular antibiotic to the antibiograms.
Insights
Clostridium perfringens antibiotic resistance varies between chicken and turkey farms. Most C. perfringens strains showed resistance to bacitracin and lincomycin, with varying susceptibility to other antimicrobials.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Microbiology
- Antimicrobial Resistance
- Poultry Health
Background:
- Clostridium perfringens is a significant pathogen in poultry.
- Antimicrobial susceptibility testing is crucial for effective treatment strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of various antimicrobials against Clostridium perfringens isolates from commercial broiler and turkey farms.
- To assess potential differences in antimicrobial resistance patterns between C. perfringens strains from chickens and turkeys.
Main Methods:
- Isolation of Clostridium perfringens from intestinal samples of chickens and turkeys.
- Microbroth dilution method to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for eight antibiotics and two anticoccidial agents.
- Analysis of susceptibility patterns for each antimicrobial agent.
Main Results:
- Chicken isolates showed high MICs (≥64 mg/L) for bacitracin and lincomycin, indicating resistance.
- Turkey isolates exhibited high MICs (≥64 mg/L) for lincomycin.
- Most isolates from both species had low MICs (≤1 mg/L) for avilamycin, avoparcin, monensin, narasin, and penicillin.
Conclusions:
- Clostridium perfringens strains from commercial poultry exhibit varying levels of antimicrobial resistance.
- Resistance to bacitracin and lincomycin is prevalent in chicken isolates, while lincomycin resistance is noted in turkey isolates.
- Further investigation into antimicrobial usage patterns and their correlation with resistance is warranted.