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Related Experiment Videos

Blood sampling in doping control. First experiences from regular testing in athletics

K I Birkeland1, M Donike, A Ljungqvist

  • 1Hormone Laboratory, Aker Hospital, Oslo, Norway.

International Journal of Sports Medicine
|January 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Blood doping was not detected in athletes. Lower erythropoietin (EPO) and testosterone levels were observed, highlighting the need to consider sampling conditions in doping control.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Anti-Doping Research
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • First-time blood sampling for doping control in athletics.
  • Study involved 99 athletes during IAAF meetings (1993-94).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the prevalence of blood doping and misuse of performance-enhancing substances.
  • To evaluate the impact of sampling conditions on test results.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of blood samples for allogenic blood, hemoglobin levels, erythropoietin (EPO), growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor 1, and testosterone.
  • Comparison of athlete data with control groups and normal reference intervals.

Main Results:

  • No evidence of blood doping with allogenic blood.

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  • Hemoglobin levels were similar to controls; EPO levels were markedly lower in athletes.
  • GH and IGF-1 levels did not indicate GH misuse; one female athlete showed elevated testosterone.
  • Abnormal testosterone levels were noted in one-third of male athletes, potentially due to sampling time and exercise.

    • Conclusions:

    • Sampling circumstances (time of day, post-exercise) significantly impact the interpretation of blood test results in athletes.
    • Further research is needed for more sensitive tests to detect doping with endogenous substances like GH and EPO.