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HIV-2 prevalence in Uttar Pradesh
R Kulshreshtha1, A Mathur, D Chattopadhya
1Postgraduate Department of Microbiology, K.G. Medical College, Lucknow.
The Indian Journal of Medical Research
|March 1, 1996
Summary
This study found significant human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) prevalence in India, particularly among samples indeterminate for HIV-1. Evidence suggests HIV-2 was present in India earlier than previously documented.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the predominant strain globally.
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 2 (HIV-2) is less common but endemic in parts of West Africa.
- The prevalence and historical presence of HIV-2 in India require further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence of HIV-2 infection in serum samples collected in India since 1989.
- To determine the patterns of HIV-1 and HIV-2 co-infection.
- To establish the earliest evidence of HIV-2 infection in India.
Main Methods:
- Serum samples (collected since 1989) were screened for HIV-1 using ELISA and confirmed with Western blot (WB).
- Samples were further tested for HIV-2 using a screening dot immunoassay and confirmatory WB.
- Reactivity patterns for HIV-1 and HIV-2 were analyzed.
Main Results:
- A significant prevalence of HIV-2 infection (37.03%) was observed in samples reactive for HIV-1 by ELISA but indeterminate by WB.
- Prevalence of HIV-2 was lower in samples confirmed as HIV-1 positive (3.29%) or HIV-1 negative (2.63%).
- Out of 16 HIV-2 positive sera, 5 (31.25%) had evidence of concomitant HIV-1 infection.
Conclusions:
- This study provides evidence of HIV-2 infection in India as early as 1989.
- HIV-2 infection is present in a notable proportion of individuals with indeterminate HIV-1 WB results.
- The findings suggest earlier circulation of HIV-2 in India than previously reported.