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Cephalic phase responses to sweet taste

L Abdallah¹, M Chabert, J Louis-Sylvestre

¹Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Nutrition, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

|March 1, 1997

Summary

The sweet taste from nonnutritive sweeteners does not trigger cephalic-phase insulin release (CPIR). Oral stimulation alone, even with sweet-tasting tablets, is insufficient to induce this insulin response in healthy men.

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Metabolic Science
Nutritional Science

Background:

Sweet taste perception is linked to potential increases in hunger and food intake.
Cephalic-phase insulin release (CPIR) is a proposed mechanism mediating these effects.
Nonnutritive sweeteners (NNS) are often implicated in altering metabolic responses.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effect of oral sweet taste sensation on CPIR.
To examine the impact of nutritive and nonnutritive sweeteners on glucose metabolism.
To determine if oral stimulation alone is sufficient to trigger CPIR.

Main Methods:

12 healthy men participated in a study involving sucrose, aspartame-polydextrose, and polydextrose tablets.
Participants sucked on tablets for 5 minutes, with continuous blood sampling for 70 minutes.
Analysis included glucose, insulin, glucagon, and fatty acid concentrations, accounting for baseline oscillations.

Main Results:

No significant cephalic-phase insulin release (CPIR) was observed for any tablet type.
Plasma glucagon and fatty acid concentrations remained unaffected by the stimuli.
A decrease in plasma glucose and insulin occurred after all stimuli, with a postabsorptive rise only after sucrose.

Conclusions:

Oral stimulation from sweet, non-flavored tablets is insufficient to induce cephalic-phase insulin release (CPIR).
The sweet taste sensation alone does not appear to trigger a significant anticipatory insulin response.
Metabolic responses to sweeteners may depend on factors beyond simple oral taste stimulation.

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