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Status epilepticus

D M Treiman1

  • 1University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, CA 90095, USA.

Bailliere'S Clinical Neurology
|December 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Status epilepticus (SE) involves recurrent seizures without recovery. Prompt treatment, often with lorazepam, phenytoin, or phenobarbital, is crucial to prevent neuronal damage and treatment resistance.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Epileptology

Background:

  • Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological emergency characterized by recurrent seizures without recovery.
  • SE encompasses various seizure types, including generalized convulsive, non-convulsive, and simple partial SE.
  • Incidence in the US ranges from 65,000 to 150,000 cases annually, with high mortality often linked to underlying causes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define status epilepticus and its clinical presentations.
  • To outline the urgency and rationale for prompt SE treatment.
  • To review current and potential treatment protocols for SE.

Main Methods:

  • Review of SE definitions and classifications.
  • Discussion of etiologies including cerebral insults and toxic-metabolic encephalopathy.

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  • Analysis of established and emerging treatment strategies, including intravenous medications.

    • Main Results:

    • SE presents with diverse seizure types, from generalized convulsions to altered consciousness states.
    • Delayed or inadequate treatment increases the risk of neuronal damage and treatment refractoriness.
    • Current standard treatment involves sequential administration of lorazepam, phenytoin, and phenobarbital.

    Conclusions:

    • Aggressive and timely treatment of SE is paramount for patient outcomes.
    • The sequence of medication administration in SE treatment is critical.
    • Further clinical trials are needed to validate novel treatment sequences, such as phenytoin followed by diazepam.