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Immunoglobulin E in Nigerian onchocerciasis

A O Somorin, D C Heiner, R E Ajugwo

    The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
    |September 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    Elevated total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were observed in 86% of Nigerian patients with onchocerciasis, comparable to levels in atopic patients. This suggests onchocerciasis is a significant cause of high IgE, though normal levels can occur.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Tropical Medicine
    • Parasitology

    Background:

    • Elevated total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a hallmark of allergic diseases.
    • Onchocerciasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by parasitic worms, prevalent in many African regions.
    • The relationship between parasitic infections and IgE levels requires further elucidation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate total serum IgE levels in adult Nigerian patients with untreated onchocerciasis.
    • To compare these IgE levels with those of healthy controls and patients with atopic conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • Radioimmunoassay was used to measure total serum IgE.
    • Serum samples were analyzed from 58 Nigerian patients with onchocerciasis and 15 atopic Nigerian patients.
    • A control group of healthy Nigerian subjects was included for comparison.

    Main Results:

    • 86% of onchocerciasis patients exhibited total serum IgE levels exceeding the mean of healthy controls (244.9 IU/ml).
    • IgE levels in onchocerciasis patients were comparable to those in atopic patients (mean = 1,028.7 IU/ml).
    • A wide range of IgE levels was observed, with some onchocerciasis patients showing normal levels.

    Conclusions:

    • Onchocerciasis is identified as a significant contributor to elevated total serum IgE levels in endemic populations.
    • The study highlights the potential of onchocerciasis to mimic allergic conditions in terms of IgE elevation.
    • Further research is warranted to understand the immunopathogenesis of IgE dysregulation in onchocerciasis.

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