Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
Published on: July 1, 2015
Play, language, and maternal responsiveness: a longitudinal study of deaf and hearing infants
P E Spencer1, K P Meadow-Orlans
1Social Work Department, Gallaudet University, Washington, DC 20002, USA. psspencer@gallua.gallaudet.edu
Abstract:
Language, maternal responsiveness, and developmental play levels were investigated in 43 middle-class dyads at 9, 12, and 18 months: hearing child/hearing mother (hH), deaf child/deaf mother (dD), deaf child/hearing mother (dH). Group dH provides information about play when language is delayed and maternal responsiveness decreased. Group dD provides information on developmental effects of diminished audition. There were no 9-month group play differences. At 12 months, hH infants displayed more representational play than infants in either deaf group (p < .001). At 18 months, hH and dD children displayed more preplanned play than dH children (p = .01). At 12 and 18 months, language was associated only marginally with play levels. Maternal responsiveness was significantly associated with 18-month-olds' preplanned play (p = .01).
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