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[Parvovirus B 19 in pregnancy]

I Sodja1, M Mrázová, M Smelhausová

  • 1Státní zdravotní ústav, Praha.

Epidemiologie, Mikrobiologie, Imunologie : Casopis Spolecnosti Pro Epidemiologii a Mikrobiologii Ceske Lekarske Spolecnosti J.E. Purkyne
|December 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Human parvovirus B19 infection is common in adults, with seropositivity rising significantly after an epidemic. While typically a childhood illness, adult infections are frequent but often undiagnosed, posing risks during pregnancy.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Immunology

Context:

  • Human parvovirus B19, discovered in 1975, was etiologically linked to erythema infectiosum and fetal hydrops in 1984-1985.
  • Erythema infectiosum is primarily a childhood disease, with 96% of cases in children under 14, yet parvovirus IgG seroprevalence in this group is only 11%.

Purpose:

  • To assess herd immunity in the female population regarding parvovirus B19.
  • To determine the risk of parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy.

Summary:

  • Seropositivity for parvovirus B19 in women of fertile age increased from approximately 50% before the 1993-1994 epidemic to 70% after.
  • Parvovirus B19 infections are frequent in adults but often remain undiagnosed, despite its common presentation as a childhood illness.

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Impact:

  • Highlights the high prevalence of undiagnosed adult parvovirus B19 infections.
  • Identifies a significant increase in population immunity following an epidemic, relevant for pregnancy risk assessment.
  • Suggests the potential utility of Czech gammaglobulin preparations for managing non-immune fetal hydrops.