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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders
11:47

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

Published on: June 9, 2014

The osteoporosis revolution

L G Raisz1

  • 1University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, USA.

Annals of Internal Medicine
|March 15, 1997
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment are evolving with new genetic insights and therapies. Early detection and accessible interventions are crucial to combat rising fracture rates in aging populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Bone biology and metabolic diseases
  • Geriatric medicine and public health

Background:

  • Osteoporosis pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment paradigms are undergoing significant transformation.
  • Emerging research explores genetic determinants and local factors influencing bone mass and turnover.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current advancements and future directions in osteoporosis management.
  • To highlight the need for accessible diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on osteoporosis pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapeutics.
  • Discussion of emerging technologies like biochemical markers for bone turnover.
  • Analysis of newly approved osteoporosis medications and their role in treatment.

Main Results:

  • Bone densitometry is established for fracture risk assessment but underutilized.
  • Biochemical markers offer a promising diagnostic tool for monitoring therapy response.
  • New FDA-approved treatments (alendronate, nasal calcitonin) expand therapeutic options.

Conclusions:

  • Estrogen remains vital for postmenopausal bone loss prevention.
  • Further development of cost-effective, widely applicable diagnostic and treatment methods is essential.
  • Addressing the projected increase in osteoporotic fractures requires innovative solutions for an aging global population.