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Enteroglucagon

J J Holst1

  • 1Department of Medical Physiology, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

Annual Review of Physiology
|January 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Proglucagon (PG) peptides, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), are produced in the gut and pancreas. GLP-1 is a potent incretin hormone that lowers blood glucose and regulates food intake.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The proglucagon (PG) gene is expressed in pancreatic islets and gastrointestinal endocrine cells.
  • Gut-derived PG peptides include glicentin, oxyntomodulin, GRPP, GLP-1, IP-2, and GLP-2.
  • These peptides are secreted into the bloodstream postprandially.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biological activities and physiological roles of gut-derived proglucagon peptides.
  • To highlight the significance of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) as an incretin hormone and its therapeutic potential.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on proglucagon gene expression and peptide function.
  • Analysis of the biochemical and physiological properties of PG-derived peptides.
  • Examination of GLP-1's effects on glucose homeostasis and gastrointestinal function.

Main Results:

  • Oxyntomodulin and GLP-1 possess biological activity.
  • GLP-1 is a potent insulinotropic incretin hormone that inhibits glucagon secretion, lowering blood glucose.
  • GLP-1's effects on glucose lowering are preserved in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
  • GLP-1 inhibits gastrointestinal motility and secretion, mediating the ileal brake effect and regulating food intake.

Conclusions:

  • Gut-derived proglucagon peptides, particularly GLP-1, play crucial roles in glucose metabolism and appetite regulation.
  • GLP-1 holds significant therapeutic potential for managing type 2 diabetes and potentially obesity.
  • Further research into the physiological functions of PG peptides can uncover novel therapeutic targets.

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