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Related Experiment Videos

Morphologic characteristics of human cervical pedicles

E E Karaikovic1, M D Daubs, R W Madsen

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, USA.

Spine
|March 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

This study measured cervical pedicle anatomy in 318 vertebrae. Many pedicles, especially in the mid-cervical spine, have narrow inner diameters, limiting safe placement of pedicle screws.

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Comparison between sheep and human cervical pedicles.

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Area of Science:

  • Spinal anatomy and biomechanics
  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Limited data exists on cervical pedicle morphology.
  • Previous studies have not measured inner pedicle diameter.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure normal cervical pedicle variations.
  • To evaluate their safety for posterior cervical fixation systems.

Main Methods:

  • Manual and computed tomography measurements of 636 cervical pedicles (C2-C7) from 53 spinal columns.
  • Utilized digital calipers, goniometers, and CT scanning.

Main Results:

  • Pedicle axis lengths varied, with shorter C2 pedicles.
  • Pedicle inclination differed between upper and lower cervical spine.

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  • Significant percentages of pedicles had inner widths ≤2mm (C3-C6) or outer widths ≤4mm (C3).
  • The lateral cortex, protecting the vertebral artery, was the thinnest.

    • Conclusions:

    • Cervical pedicle dimensions present anatomic limitations for pedicle screw fixation.
    • These findings are crucial for surgical planning and implant selection.