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Signaling pathways that regulate specification of neurons in developing cerebral cortex

P Levitt1, K L Eagleson, A V Chan

  • 1Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School--UMDNJ, Piscataway, USA.

Developmental Neuroscience
|January 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Environmental signals regulate cortical development. Limbic system-associated membrane protein (LAMP) expression in precursor cells is influenced by factors like transforming growth factor-alpha and collagen IV, impacting neuronal fate.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Limbic system-associated membrane protein (LAMP) is a marker for specific cerebral cortex functional regions.
  • Cortical regionalization is influenced by environmental signals.
  • Precursor cell fate can be regulated by environmental stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate environmental signals regulating cortical regionalization.
  • To understand the role of LAMP expression in precursor cell fate determination.
  • To explore the influence of transforming growth factor-alpha and collagen type IV on cortical neuron development.

Main Methods:

  • Transplant studies
  • Cell culture studies
  • In vitro exposure to inductive signals (transforming growth factor-alpha, collagen type IV)

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Main Results:

  • Exposure to novel environmental stimuli regulates precursor cell fate based on LAMP expression.
  • In vitro studies demonstrate dependence on transforming growth factor-alpha and collagen type IV.
  • A cell cycle dependence was observed for the decision to become a limbic or nonlimbic cortical neuron.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental signals and cell cycle timing influence both areal and laminar fates of cortical neurons.
  • Mechanisms specifying commitment early in cortical development are crucial.
  • LAMP expression serves as a key indicator in understanding cortical regionalization.