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Related Experiment Videos

Starch utilization by ruminants: from basics to the bunk

G B Huntington

    Journal of Animal Science
    |March 1, 1997
    PubMed
    Summary

    Grain starch is a key energy source for ruminants. Steam processing enhances starch digestion in the rumen, while duodenal protein supply may boost glucose absorption.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ruminant nutrition
    • Animal science
    • Digestive physiology

    Background:

    • Starch is the primary energy source in grains, with varying concentrations across different types.
    • Understanding starch digestion kinetics and microbial fermentation in the rumen is crucial for ruminant energy metabolism.
    • Recent advancements in molecular biology and in vitro systems offer deeper insights into starch digestion.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the impact of different processing methods on starch digestibility in ruminants.
    • To investigate the factors influencing starch digestion and glucose absorption in the small intestine.
    • To elucidate the relationship between starch utilization, glucose absorption, and overall energy metabolism in ruminants.

    Main Methods:

    • In vitro fermentation systems to assess kinetic aspects of starch digestion.
    • Molecular biological techniques to analyze the ruminal microbial environment.
    • Analysis of pancreatic function and intestinal glucose transport mechanisms.

    Main Results:

    • Steam processing significantly increases ruminal starch digestibility compared to dry rolling, particularly for sorghum and corn.
    • Intestinal starch digestion capacity varies (45-85%), potentially limited by pancreatic amylase supply, which can be influenced by duodenal protein.
    • Ruminants adjust gluconeogenesis in response to increased glucose absorption, linking energy needs to digestible energy intake.

    Conclusions:

    • Grain starch is most efficiently utilized for energy when fermented in the rumen.
    • Optimizing starch fermentation and absorption through processing and nutrient management (e.g., protein supply) can enhance glucose capture and overall energy utilization in ruminants.

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