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Transfer across form and modality in implicit and explicit memory

D C Berry1, S Banbury, L Henry

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Reading, U.K.

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. A, Human Experimental Psychology
|February 1, 1997
PubMed
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Implicit memory tests showed no transfer across word or picture forms, but did show modality effects. Free recall tasks, however, revealed different patterns, suggesting distinct memory processes.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Implicit memory is a form of unconscious memory that influences behavior without conscious awareness.
  • Transfer-appropriate processing theory suggests memory performance depends on the match between encoding and retrieval processes.
  • Perceptual Representation Systems framework proposes distinct systems for processing different types of information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate transfer effects across different forms (words/pictures) and modalities (visual/auditory) in implicit memory.
  • To compare implicit memory findings with those of explicit memory tasks like free recall.
  • To examine the role of phonological codes and naming processes in modality effects.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted using written word, auditory word, and pictorial implicit memory tests.

Related Experiment Videos

  • A free recall task was used to assess explicit memory performance.
  • Techniques like articulatory suppression, picture naming, overt word naming, and covert picture labelling were employed.

    • Main Results:

    • No significant transfer across form was observed in implicit memory tests.
    • An asymmetric pattern of transfer across modality was found for implicit memory.
    • Free recall tasks yielded different transfer patterns compared to implicit memory tests.

    Conclusions:

    • Implicit and explicit memory systems may operate differently regarding form and modality transfer.
    • Findings support the Transfer Appropriate Processing theory and Perceptual Representation Systems framework.
    • The generation of phonological codes plays a role in modality effects within implicit memory.