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Paternity after bilateral cryptorchidism. A controlled study

P A Lee1, L A O'Leary, N J Songer

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pa, USA. leep@chplink.chp.edu

Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
|March 1, 1997
PubMed
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Paternity is significantly reduced in men with a history of bilateral cryptorchidism compared to unilateral cases and controls. Infertility is substantially more common in the bilateral group.

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Pediatric Surgery

Background:

  • Cryptorchidism, the failure of one or both testes to descend, is a common congenital condition in males.
  • Undescended testes are associated with an increased risk of infertility and testicular cancer.
  • Surgical correction (orchiopexy) is typically performed in childhood to mitigate these risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare paternity rates among men with a history of bilateral cryptorchidism versus unilateral cryptorchidism and a control group.
  • To investigate the long-term reproductive outcomes in men treated for cryptorchidism.

Main Methods:

  • An epidemiologic survey was conducted using questionnaires.
  • Study cohort included men who underwent orchiopexy for bilateral or unilateral cryptorchidism between 1955 and 1971.

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  • A control group of men without a history of cryptorchidism was also surveyed.

    • Main Results:

    • Paternity rates were 50% in the bilateral cryptorchidism group, compared to 76% in controls and 74% in the unilateral group.
    • When considering men who attempted paternity, rates were 62% (bilateral), 94% (control), and 89% (unilateral).
    • Infertility was 3.5 times more frequent in the bilateral group than the unilateral group, and over 6 times more frequent than in controls.

    Conclusions:

    • Bilateral cryptorchidism significantly compromises paternity compared to unilateral cryptorchidism and controls.
    • The risk of infertility is substantially elevated following bilateral cryptorchidism.
    • No correlation was found between the age of orchiopexy or lifestyle factors and paternity outcomes.