[Chronic bronchitis and its sequelae. Therapy--prognosis--insurance medicine aspects]

Chronic bronchitis is of enormous epidemiological, socio-medical and economical importance. The main cause of chronic bronchitis is active but also passive cigarette smoking. Other etiologic factors are: viral or bacterial infections, chronic dust exposure in occupational settings and air pollution. Cease of cigarette smoking is considered the most valuable action in the treatment of the chronic bronchitis. In addition to drug therapy, physical therapy and other measures of rehabilitation may be a supportive benefit. ABout 10-20% of all patients with chronic bronchitis develop airway obstruction and/or lung emphysema. Obstructive bronchitis with or without lung emphysema should be treated with corticosteroids, beta 2-agonists and/or theophylline. Evidence for the socio-economical burden of chronic bronchitis and its complications are the enormous costs for the social economy (direct costs: in- and outpatient treatment; indirect costs: premature pensions, sick leave).