Limits and special features of vasoepididymostomy (VE)

Thanks to the development of microsurgical techniques, it is now possible to treat epididymis-dependent obstructive azoospermia successfully. With the help of various methods of assisted microfertilization (ICSI), surgical andrology is in a position to overcome all barriers, given the presence of spermatogenesis. Concerning the operational technique itself, there are limits in the anatomical, pathological, technical and manual field.