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Hepatitis B surface antigen and e antigen in pleural effusion: a case report
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was found in the pleural fluid of a dialysis patient, showing similar antigen levels as in serum. This indicates potential infectivity of body fluids beyond blood for healthcare workers.
Area of Science:
- Hepatology
- Virology
- Clinical Medicine
Background:
- Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health concern.
- Dialysis patients are a vulnerable population for HBV transmission.
- Understanding HBV presence in non-blood body fluids is crucial for infection control.
Observation:
- A 40-year-old dialysis patient presented with detectable Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in serum.
- Pleural fluid was collected from the patient for analysis.
- Electron microscopy was used to examine the pleural fluid.
Findings:
- Both HBeAg and HBsAg were detected in the patient's pleural fluid.
- Antigen titers in pleural fluid were comparable to those in serum.
- Intact HBV particles were visualized in the pleural fluid via electron microscopy.
Implications:
- Pleural fluid can harbor infectious HBV, similar to blood.
- This finding highlights potential risks for healthcare professionals handling body fluids.
- Enhanced precautions may be necessary for managing HBV in dialysis settings.
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