The impact of normal aging processes and chronic illness on perioperative care of the elderly

It is clear that normal aging changes influence the response of the older adult to surgical intervention. Understanding and awareness of these age related changes, such as increased risk for chronic illness and decreased homeostatic capacity, is essential for optimal outcomes for elders undergoing surgical intervention. Knowledge of these changes and careful assessment by nursing staff can prevent or minimize the complications that elders are prone to, such as pneumonia, falls and confusion. Nursing has a critical and challenging role in promoting the optimal human response for each individual through the surgical experience. The purpose of this article is to increase awareness of the impact aging has on individuals undergoing surgical intervention and to offer helpful nursing assessment and interventions that promote optimal outcomes for this special population. A case study shows effective nursing care for an elderly woman with chronic disease going through the preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative phases.