Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava: novel surgical reconstruction preserves renal function

Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava is rare and to date 145 cases have been reported. Here a new case of primary leiomyosarcoma of the inter-renal vena cava is reported. Surgical treatment consisted of excision of the vena cava on top of the renal arteries allowing radical resection. Reconstruction was original. The distal vena cava was sectioned and ligated just above the bifurcation and the free segment used to replace the excised part. In this the right venal vein was directly implanted. The left renal vein was reimplanted in the translocated segment via a venous (femoral vein) graft. Ligation of the distal vena cava was haemodynamically well-tolerated and the patient was free of symptoms at one year after operation. Control angiogram showed patency of the venous reconstruction. Early diagnosis is essential to improve patient survival, since it allows better radical resection, which is the only way of preventing the development of metastases.