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Related Experiment Videos

Defensive hostility and anger expression: relationship to additional heart rate reactivity during active coping

M R Larson1, A W Langer

  • 1Behavioral Physiology Laboratory, Syracuse University, NY 13244-2340, USA. mrlarson@mailbox.syr.edu

Psychophysiology
|March 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Defensive hostility (high hostility/high defensiveness) is linked to increased heart rate reactivity. Conversely, low hostility with high anger-out expression shows significantly lower reactivity, clarifying hostility and cardiovascular responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychophysiology
  • Cardiovascular Reactivity Research
  • Behavioral Medicine

Background:

  • Hostility is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
  • The interplay between hostility, defensiveness, and physiological responses requires further clarification.
  • Understanding anger expression may refine models of hostility and health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between defensive hostility and heart rate reactivity during active coping.
  • To investigate if anger-out expression enhances the predictive power of the defensive hostility model.
  • To identify subgroups with distinct cardiovascular reactivity patterns based on hostility and anger expression.

Main Methods:

  • Forty participants completed a mental arithmetic task under threat of shock or no threat.

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  • Measures included the Cook-Medley Hostility Inventory (Ho), Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MC), and Spielberger Anger Expression Scale.
  • Heart rate reactivity was assessed during the active coping task.

    • Main Results:

    • Defensive hostile individuals (high Ho/high MC) exhibited significantly greater heart rate reactivity.
    • A subgroup with low hostility (low Ho) and high anger-out scores demonstrated significantly lower reactivity.
    • These findings highlight specific hostility and anger expression profiles associated with cardiovascular responses.

    Conclusions:

    • Defensive hostility is associated with heightened cardiovascular reactivity.
    • Anger-out expression, particularly in low-hostility individuals, may buffer cardiovascular reactivity.
    • The study clarifies the complex links between hostility, anger expression, and physiological responses.