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Not all dyslexics are created equal
W H Ridder1, E Borsting, M Cooper
1Southern California College of Optometry, Fullerton, USA.
Background:
Dyslexia is a common disorder that has traditionally been treated as a homogeneous condition. However, recent evidence indicates that it is a heterogenous condition with several subtypes. For example, studies of the visual system indicate that not all dyslexics have a normal visual pathway. Approximately 75% have a processing deficit in the magnocellular pathway. Our previous study indicated that dysphoneidetic but not dyseidetic dyslexics exhibit a magnocellular pathway defect.
Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to expand our previous work by also examining dysphonetic dyslexics. Additionally, the stimulus was altered to enhance detection of a magnocellular pathway defect in any dyslexic subtype.
Methods:
Temporal contrast sensitivity functions were determined with a flickering stimulus (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 Hz) by using a temporal, two-alternative, forced-choice technique.
Results:
The results indicate that the dyseidetic dyslexics do not have a magnocellular pathway defect, whereas the dysphoneidetics do. Furthermore, examination of the individual dysphonetics indicated that the more severely affected subjects also exhibited a magnocellular pathway defect.
Conclusion:
These results suggest that treatment strategies for dyslexics may need to be modified to take into account their specific subtype.