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Related Experiment Videos

Similarity in context

R L Goldstone1, D L Medin, J Halberstadt

  • 1Psychology Department, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405, USA. rgoldsto@indiana.edu

Memory & Cognition
|March 1, 1997
PubMed
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Similarity judgments are context-dependent, leading to inconsistencies like A>B, B>C, and C>A. This research reveals dynamic property weighting influences similarity and choice, challenging existing models.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Decision Science
  • Mathematical Psychology

Background:

  • Similarity judgments are fundamental to cognition and decision-making.
  • Existing models often assume context-independent similarity evaluations.
  • Contextual influences within single comparisons are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate context effects on similarity judgments within single comparisons.
  • To explore violations of intransitivity and choice independence.
  • To identify the mechanisms underlying context-dependent similarity.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted to examine similarity judgments.
  • Stimulus-response tasks were used to elicit similarity comparisons.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis focused on identifying intransitive judgments and choice violations.

    • Main Results:

    • Reliable intransitivities in similarity judgments were observed (A>B, B>C, C>A).
    • The diagnosticity effect, where a third alternative influences relative similarity, was explored.
    • A novel violation of choice independence was demonstrated, linked to dynamic property weighting.

    Conclusions:

    • Similarity judgments are highly sensitive to the immediate judgment context.
    • Dynamic property weighting, influenced by dimension variability and diagnosticity, explains observed context effects.
    • These findings necessitate revisions to existing models of similarity and choice.