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Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection

S Kohl1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco Medical School, USA.

Clinics in Perinatology
|March 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) and neonatal HSV infections are rising. Early diagnosis and understanding immune defects are crucial for treating and preventing neonatal herpes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal infections
  • Virology
  • Public health

Background:

  • Genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) and neonatal HSV infection rates are increasing in the US.
  • The risk of neonatal herpes is significantly higher with first-episode maternal infection (30%-50%) compared to recurrent infections (1%-3%).
  • Asymptomatic maternal infections also pose a risk to neonates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the increasing incidence of genital and neonatal HSV infections.
  • To define the risks associated with maternal HSV infection during pregnancy.
  • To outline diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for neonatal HSV infections.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical signs of neonatal HSV infection.
  • Emphasis on diagnostic evaluation, including polymerase chain-reaction assay.
  • Discussion of immune defects contributing to severe neonatal HSV.
  • Exploration of preventive strategies for maternal and neonatal herpes.

Main Results:

  • The varying risks of neonatal herpes transmission based on maternal infection status (first episode vs. recurrence) have been established.
  • Subtle and overt clinical signs of neonatal infection are recognized.
  • Understanding of immune system vulnerabilities in neonates susceptible to severe HSV.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt recognition of clinical signs and appropriate diagnostic evaluation are essential for managing neonatal herpes.
  • Further research into neonatal immune defects can improve treatment outcomes.
  • Maternal vaccination, chemoprophylaxis, and judicious use of cesarean delivery are key strategies to prevent neonatal herpes.

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