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[Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation of azithromycin in the pediatric field]
K Kitamura1, H Kamiya, T Nakano
1Department of Pediatrics, Mie National Hospital.
Insights
Azithromycin (AZM) is effective and safe for treating pediatric infectious diseases, showing a 93.9% efficacy rate in children. This study evaluated its pharmacokinetics, safety, and effectiveness in young patients.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Pharmacology
- Microbiology
Context:
- Pediatric infectious diseases require effective and safe antimicrobial treatments.
- Azithromycin (AZM) is a macrolide antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity.
- Understanding AZM's pharmacokinetic and safety profile in children is crucial for optimizing treatment.
Purpose:
- To evaluate the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of azithromycin (AZM) in pediatric patients.
- To assess AZM's effectiveness against various pediatric infections, including respiratory tract infections and skin infections.
- To determine the elimination half-life and urinary excretion rate of AZM in children.
Summary:
- Azithromycin (AZM) was administered at 9.1-12.2 mg/kg/day for 3 days to 35 children (9 months-12 years).
- Pharmacokinetic data showed an elimination half-life of 3.8 +/- 16.3 hours and urinary excretion of 9.0 +/- 2.3%.
- Efficacy was evaluated in 33 children with infections like pharyngotonsillitis, pneumonia, and SSTI, achieving a 93.9% efficacy rate with complete eradication of 6 identified bacterial strains. Mild, transient elevations in liver enzymes (GOT/GPT) were noted in 3 cases, with no clinical adverse reactions.
Impact:
- Azithromycin (AZM) demonstrates significant utility and a favorable safety profile for treating a range of common pediatric infectious diseases.
- The findings support the use of azithromycin as a valuable therapeutic option in pediatric infectious disease management.
- This study provides essential data on azithromycin's pharmacokinetics and clinical effectiveness in a pediatric population.
Abstract:
35 children between 9 months and 12 years of ages were given 9.1 to 12.2 mg/kg of azithromycin (AZM) once a day for 3 days. In the treatment of pediatric infectious diseases, we studied pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safetiness of AZM. After administration of 10 mg/kg/day of AZM for 3 days, the elimination half-life was calculated to be 3.8 +/- 16.3 hours (n = 6, mean +/- S.D.). The excretion rate of AZM in the urine within 120 hours of administration was 9.0 +/- 2.3% (n = 5). For the evaluation of efficacy of AZM, we treated 33 cases of children with pharyngotonsillitis, bronchitis, mycoplasma bronchitis, pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumonia, atypical pneumonia, and SSTI. The efficacy rate of these cases were 93.9%. 6 strains of bacteria were identified as causative agents. All strains were eradicated upon the treatment. One case of elevated GOT and GPT and two cases of elevated GPT were observed. No clinical adverse reactions were observed. In conclusion, AZM was useful for the treatment of pediatric infectious diseases were examined.