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Trichromatic vision in the cat

J Ringo, M L Wolbarsht, H G Wagner

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |November 18, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Cats possess three cone systems in their retinas, including a novel gamma max cone. This suggests cats may have photopic trichromatic vision, similar to rhesus monkeys.

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Neuroscience
    • Vision Science

    Background:

    • Cat retinal ganglion cells (types X, Y, W) receive input from three cone systems.
    • Previous research identified cone sensitivities at 450nm and 555nm.
    • A third cone type, the gamma max cone, has a peak sensitivity at 500nm.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize a third cone type in the cat retina.
    • To investigate the spectral sensitivity and functional properties of the gamma max cone.
    • To compare the cat retina's cone systems to that of rhesus monkeys.

    Main Methods:

    • Spectral sensitivity measurements to differentiate cone types.
    • Receptive field analysis to distinguish cones from rods.
    • Dark-adaptation curve analysis to assess cone and rod function.

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    Main Results:

    • The gamma max cone was identified with peak sensitivity at 500nm.
    • Functional differences, including operating above rod saturation, distinguished it from rods.
    • Cone-rod breaks in dark-adaptation curves further supported its cone nature.

    Conclusions:

    • The cat retina possesses three distinct cone systems, including the gamma max cone.
    • The three-cone system in cats is comparable to the extramacular retina of rhesus monkeys.
    • This suggests that cats may exhibit photopic trichromatic vision.