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Profound neutropenia caused by oxacillin

D W Ortbals, J J Marr

    Southern Medical Journal
    |October 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    Oxacillin can cause severe neutropenia (low white blood cell count), which resolves quickly after stopping the medication. This drug-induced condition also featured eosinophilia and peripheral granulocyte destruction.

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    Area of Science:

    • Hematology
    • Clinical Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Drug-induced neutropenia is a rare but serious adverse effect.
    • Oxacillin, a penicillinase-resistant penicillin, is used to treat bacterial infections.

    Observation:

    • A patient developed profound neutropenia during oxacillin therapy.
    • The neutropenia rapidly resolved upon discontinuation of oxacillin.
    • Eosinophilia was noted concurrently with the neutropenia.

    Findings:

    • Bone marrow examination suggested peripheral destruction of granulocytes.
    • Despite clinical and hematological evidence, no specific antibody against oxacillin or its metabolites could be demonstrated.
    • This suggests a non-antibody mediated mechanism for oxacillin-induced neutropenia.

    Implications:

    • Highlights the importance of considering oxacillin as a potential cause of neutropenia.
    • Suggests that some cases of drug-induced neutropenia may not involve detectable antibodies.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms of oxacillin-induced neutropenia.

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