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Immune deviation in relation to ocular immune privilege

J W Streilein1, B R Ksander, A W Taylor

  • 1Schepens Eye Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. waynes@vision.eri.harvard.edu

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|April 15, 1997
PubMed
Summary

The eye protects itself through immune privilege, a unique state that modifies immune responses to prevent vision loss. This involves special factors and altered immune cell behavior to avoid damaging inflammation.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The eye possesses a unique 'immune privilege', a dynamic state that modulates immune responses to antigens (Ags).
  • This privilege is crucial for maintaining vision by preventing immunopathogenic injury and inflammation.
  • Immune privilege involves both local ocular factors and systemic immune alterations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying immune privilege in the eye.
  • To understand how the eye modifies immune responses to ocular Ags.
  • To explore the systemic consequences of ocular immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of immunoregulatory factors in aqueous humor and on ocular cells.
  • Investigation of T cell behavior (anergy, apoptosis, cytokine secretion) upon encountering Ags in the eye.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Tracking of Ag presentation by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) from the eye to the spleen.

    • Main Results:

    • Ocular cells and aqueous humor secrete unique factors that regulate immune responses.
    • Intraocular T cells can become anergic, undergo apoptosis, or secrete regulatory factors like TGF-beta.
    • Ocular Ags presented in the spleen activate a distinct profile of Ag-specific T and B cells.
    • Systemic delayed hypersensitivity and complement-fixing antibodies are notably absent in this deviant immune response.

    Conclusions:

    • Immune privilege is an active process where the eye shapes immune responses to protect vision.
    • The eye's unique environment induces systemic immune deviations to prevent inflammation-related blindness.
    • Understanding these mechanisms is key to managing ocular diseases and improving vision preservation.