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[Central nervous system infection caused by mumps virus]
Abstract:
Central nervous system infection caused by mumps virus is reviewed. Aseptic meningitis, acute encephalitis, chronic encephalitis, hydrocephalus, ataxia, transverse myelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome and deafness are noted as central nervous system complications of mumps. Among these complications, acute and chronic encephalitis, hydrocephalus, transverse myelitis and deafness occasionally result in severe sequelae. Aseptic meningitis due to mumps vaccine strain increased significantly after the introduction of trivalent measles, mumps and rubella vaccination in Japan. Recently, a differentiation method of mumps vaccine strain from wild viruses has been established using molecular analysis. Mumps virus infection is still one of the most common communicable viral infections, although it is preventable by vaccination. We emphasize the importance of mumps vaccination to prevent such severe complications as encephalitis and deafness.
Insights
Mumps virus can cause severe central nervous system infections like encephalitis and deafness. Mumps vaccination is crucial for preventing these serious complications and is still important despite vaccine availability.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Virology
- Infectious Diseases
Context:
- Mumps virus is a significant cause of central nervous system (CNS) infections.
- CNS complications include aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, hydrocephalus, ataxia, transverse myelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and deafness.
- While preventable by vaccination, mumps remains a common communicable viral infection.
Purpose:
- To review central nervous system complications of mumps virus infection.
- To highlight the impact of mumps vaccine strains on aseptic meningitis.
- To discuss advancements in differentiating wild and vaccine mumps virus strains.
Summary:
- Mumps virus infection can lead to severe neurological sequelae, including acute and chronic encephalitis, hydrocephalus, transverse myelitis, and deafness.
- An increase in mumps vaccine strain-associated aseptic meningitis was observed post-introduction of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine in Japan.
- Molecular analysis now allows for differentiation between wild and vaccine mumps virus strains.
Impact:
- Emphasizes the critical role of mumps vaccination in preventing severe neurological complications such as encephalitis and deafness.
- Highlights the ongoing public health importance of mumps prevention strategies.
- Informs clinicians and public health officials about the spectrum of mumps-related CNS disease and diagnostic advancements.