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Dehydration markedly impairs cardiovascular function in hyperthermic endurance athletes during exercise

J González-Alonso1, R Mora-Rodríguez, P R Below

  • 1Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, 78712, USA. akijg@pop.adm.ku.dk

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|April 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Dehydration combined with heat stress during exercise significantly reduces stroke volume and cardiac output. This cardiovascular strain impairs an athlete's ability to cope with heat, increasing risks during endurance activities.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Environmental Physiology
  • Cardiovascular Physiology

Background:

  • Exercise in hot environments poses significant cardiovascular challenges.
  • Dehydration exacerbates physiological strain during physical activity.
  • Understanding the combined effects of heat and dehydration is crucial for athlete safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cardiovascular stress of superimposed dehydration on hyperthermia during exercise.
  • To identify mechanisms responsible for dehydration-mediated stroke volume reduction.
  • To assess the impact on cardiac output and blood pressure.

Main Methods:

  • Fifteen endurance-trained cyclists exercised in the heat, experiencing either dehydration (4% body weight loss) or euhydration.

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  • Measurements were taken under controlled conditions of euhydration, hyperthermia, dehydration, and combinations thereof.
  • Physiological parameters including esophageal temperature, skin temperature, stroke volume, and cardiac output were monitored.

    • Main Results:

    • Both hyperthermia and dehydration individually reduced stroke volume by 7-8%.
    • Superimposed dehydration on hyperthermia caused a significantly greater stroke volume reduction (26%) and a 13% decline in cardiac output.
    • Mean arterial pressure decreased, and systemic vascular resistance increased, indicating significant cardiovascular strain.

    Conclusions:

    • The combination of dehydration and hyperthermia during exercise severely impairs the cardiovascular system's ability to maintain cardiac output and blood pressure.
    • Dehydration significantly worsens the cardiovascular stress imposed by hyperthermia.
    • Athletes engaging in prolonged exercise in the heat are at increased risk when dehydrated.